![]() ![]() Just like many other bivalves, zebra mussels are filter feeders. Zebra mussels have a distinctly triangular shape instead of a rounded shape. “Cousins” is a stretch, because the main difference between clams and mussels are the shape of the shell in fact, based on genetics, zebra mussels (and quagga mussels, which are sibling species) are more closely related to several types of saltwater clams than they are any other mussel. They are native to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in eastern Europe, and have two half-shells that they protect themselves with, just like their clam, oyster and scallop cousins. Zebra mussels, or more specifically Dreissena polymorpha, are a species of freshwater bivalve. But they, just like every other clade, kingdom or culture, are special in their own important ways. They are annoying, they are not pleasant to have around, and they do not look immediately interesting. That is one of a couple issues with the invasive zebra mussels. Sometimes, though, that interest is overshadowed by frustration at the species or creature. Be it the glass houses of the diatoms, the air-permeable skin of frogs, or the intense complexity of the human eye, every living thing has intrinsic interest and intrigue. Each organism has something that makes it unique. Zelaya DG, Marinone MC (2012) A case of phoresis of sphaeriids by corixids: first report for the Americas.Every creature is fascinating in its own way, including zebra mussels. Voskresensky KA (1966) Dispersal of bivalves by fish. Journal du Conseil Permanent International pour l’Exploration de la Mer 35(2):205–206 Van Banning P (1974) Two remarkable infestations by Lernaeocera spp. Sprung M (1989) Field and laboratory observations of Dreissena polymorpha larvae: abundance, growth, mortality and food demands. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa Scott WB, Crossman EJ (1973) Freshwater fishes of Canada. Reynolds C, Miranda NA, Cumming GS (2015) The role of waterbirds in the dispersal of aquatic alien and invasive species. Ricciardi A (2007) Are modern biological invasions an unprecedented form of global change? Conserv Biol 21:329–336 OBVFSJ (Organisme de Bassin Versant du Fleuve Saint-Jean) (2017) Caractérisation du myriophylle en épi dans des secteurs ciblés du lac Témiscouata, 27 pp MFFP (Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec) (2022) Moules zébrées détectées au lac Témiscouata. Martel A (1993) Dispersal and recruitment of zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha) in a nearshore area in west-central Lake Erie: the significance of postmetamorphic drifting. Mackenzie K, Smith JW, Wootton R (1974) The case of the mussel-bound fish. Settling of larvae and the dynamics of settled individuals. Lewandowski K (1982) The role of early developmental stages, in the dynamics of Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) (Bivalvia) populations in lakes. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., London Kew HW (1893) The dispersal of shells: an inquiry into the means of dispersal possessed by fresh-water and land Mollusca. ![]() Kenderov LA (2017) An invader along with an invader: an unusual record of a zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) (Bivalvia) living phoretically on a killer shrimp Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) (Amphipoda). Kappes H, Haase P (2012) Slow, but steady: dispersal of freshwater molluscs. Johnson LE, Carlton JT (1996) Post-establishment spread in largescale invasions: dispersal mechanisms of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Green AJ (2016) The importance of waterbirds as an overlooked pathway of invasion for alien species. Nature 25:529–530įincke OM, Santiago D, Hickner S, Bienek R (2009) Susceptibility of larval dragonflies to zebra mussel colonization and its effect on larval movement and survivorship. ![]() ![]() Nature 18:120–121ĭarwin CR (1882) On the dispersal of freshwater bivalves. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, pp 677–696Ĭoughlan NE, Stevens AL, Kelly TC, Dick JTA, Jansen MAK (2017) Zoochorous dispersal of freshwater bivalves: an overlooked vector in biological invasions? Knowl Manag Aquat Ecosyst 418:42ĭarwin CR (1878) Transplantation of shells. In: Nalepa TF, Schloesser DW (eds) Zebra mussels biology, impacts, and control. Nautilus 124:100–106Ĭarlton JT (1993) Dispersal mechanisms of the zebra mussel. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 32:159–181īodamer BL, Ostrofsky ML (2010) The use of aquatic plants of the zebra mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in a small glacial lake. Biol Rev 96:223–246īilton DT, Freeland JR, Okamura B (2001) Dispersal in freshwater invertebrates. Can J Zool 72:1169–1179īartlow AW, Agosta SJ (2021) Phoresy in animals: review and synthesis of a common but understudied mode of dispersal. Ackerman JD, Sim B, Nichols SJ, Claudi R (1994) A review of the early life history of zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha): comparisons with marine bivalves. ![]()
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